Politiki ya USA igomba gukemura ibikoresho biboneka, ingaruka ziterambere ryizuba hamwe nigihe, hamwe nogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza ibibazo.
Igihe twatangiraga mu 2008, niba umuntu yasabye mu nama ko ingufu z'izuba zizajya ziba isoko nini nini y’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’ingufu muri Amerika, bari kumwenyura mu kinyabupfura-hamwe n’abumva neza.Ariko hano turi.
Muri Amerika ndetse no ku isi hose, nk'imwe mu masoko mashya akura vuba kandi ahendutse cyane, ingufu z'izuba ziruta gaze karemano n'ingufu z'umuyaga.
Mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, izuba ryifoto yizuba (PV) ryagize 56% byubushobozi bushya bwo gutanga amashanyarazi muri Amerika, hiyongeraho hafi 11 GWdc yubushobozi.Ubu ni umwaka-ku mwaka kwiyongera 45% nigihembwe kinini cya kabiri cyanditswe.Uyu mwaka biteganijwe ko uzaba ingufu nini nini zashyizweho n’izuba muri Amerika
Kugeza ubu, igihugu gishyiraho umushinga mushya buri masegonda 84, ukoresha abakozi barenga 250.000 n’amasosiyete arenga 10,000.
Iri terambere ryiganjemo ibikorwa rusange, amakomine ninganda.Bloomberg New Energy Finance ivuga ko mu 2030, amasosiyete 285 yo muri RE100 ashobora guteza imbere GW 93 (hafi miliyari 100 US $) y’imishinga mishya y’umuyaga n’izuba.
Ikibazo dufite ni igipimo cyacu.Kwiyongera kwisi kwisi kwingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hamwe nogukomeza gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi muri Amerika ninganda zitwara ibinyabiziga bizongera gusa ibibazo byingenzi byingenzi byo gutanga ibintu muri byose kuva module kugeza inverter kugeza kuri bateri.
Ibiciro by'imizigo ku cyambu cya Los Angeles n'ibyambu byo muri Amerika byiyongereyeho 1.000%.Kwiyongera kutigeze kubaho kwaguka kwa ERCOT, PJM, NEPOOL, na MISO byateye imbere imbere byateje imikoranire itinda ryimyaka irenga 5, rimwe na rimwe ndetse birebire, kandi gahunda yose igenamigambi cyangwa kugabana ibiciro kubyo kuzamura ni bike.
Politiki nyinshi ziriho ubu zibanda ku kuzamura umusaruro w’ubukungu bwo gutunga umutungo binyuze mu nguzanyo z’imisoro yigenga ya leta (ITC) kuri bateri, kwagura ITC ku mirasire y'izuba, cyangwa uburyo bwo kwishyura butaziguye.
Dushyigikiye ibyo bitera inkunga, ariko bituma bishoboka imishinga iri hafi cyangwa yegereye ubucuruzi kuri "hejuru ya piramide" muruganda rwacu.Amateka, ibi byagize akamaro mugukurura imishinga hakiri kare, ariko niba dushaka kwaguka nkuko bikenewe, ntabwo bizakora.
Kugeza ubu, hafi 2% by'amashanyarazi yo mu gihugu akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Intego yacu ni ukugera kuri 40% cyangwa irenga muri 2035. Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, dukeneye kongera iterambere ryumwaka ryumutungo wizuba inshuro enye cyangwa eshanu.Uburyo bwa politiki burambye burambye bugomba nanone kwibanda kumitungo yiterambere izahinduka imbuto zigihe kizaza.
Kugirango tubibe neza izo mbuto, inganda zigomba kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo mu iteganyagihe, kurushaho kwizera amasoko y’ibikoresho, kurushaho gushikama no gukorera mu mucyo mu myumvire y’imikoranire, ibikorwa remezo n’umubyigano, ndetse no gufasha ibikorwa remezo gukora gahunda ndende n’ishoramari. .Gira ijwi ryingenzi.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, politiki ya leta igomba gukemura ibikoresho biboneka, ingaruka ziterambere ryizuba nigihe, hamwe no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza ibibazo.Ibi bizafasha inganda zacu nabashoramari kugabana neza imari shoramari mumitungo myinshi.
Iterambere ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba risaba kutagabanywa no kwihuta mu iterambere kugira ngo biteze imbere umutungo munini kandi mugari ku “munsi ya piramide” mu nganda.
Mu ibaruwa yacu 2021, twerekanye ibintu bitatu byihutirwa by’ibice bibiri bizafasha kugera ku ntego za Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika: (1) guhita ugabanya imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga (no gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gushishikariza inganda z'igihe kirekire muri Amerika);(2)) Gufatanya gushora imari hamwe na RTO mubikorwa byo gusaza no gukwirakwiza ibikorwa remezo;.
Kuraho ibiciro bitumizwa mu mahanga bibangamira umuvuduko wo kohereza.Umusoro ku bicuruzwa bituruka ku mirasire y'izuba wagabanije cyane izamuka ry’inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n’amashanyarazi y’Amerika, bituma Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zidahungabana ku isi, kandi zibaza ubushobozi bwacu bwo kugera ku ntego zashyizweho n’amasezerano y’ikirere ya Paris.
Turagereranya ko ibiciro 201 byonyine bizongera byibuze US $ 0.05 / watt kuri buri mushinga w’ubwubatsi, amasoko, n’ubwubatsi (EPC), mu gihe inganda zo mu gihugu zifite iterambere rito (niba zihari).Ibiciro byateje kandi gushidikanya gukabije kandi byongera ibibazo byateganijwe mbere.
Aho kugirango ibiciro, turashobora kandi tugomba gushishikariza umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu binyuze muburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo kumusoro ku musaruro.Tugomba kwemeza ko haboneka ibikoresho byo ku isoko, kabone niyo byaturuka mu Bushinwa, kandi tunita ku mirimo y'agahato no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Guhuriza hamwe ibisubizo byubucuruzi byakorewe mukarere kubikorwa byabakinnyi babi hamwe namasezerano akomeye ya SEIA ni intangiriro nziza kandi ni intangiriro mubikorwa byizuba.Imihindagurikire y’ibiciro yongereye cyane ibiciro byinganda zacu kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutegura no kwaguka mugihe kizaza.
Ntabwo aribyo byihutirwa kubuyobozi bwa Biden, ariko bigomba kuba.Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagiye iba ikibazo cy’ingenzi ku batoye Demokarasi.Imirasire y'izuba nigikoresho cyacu cyingenzi mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Igiciro nikibazo kinini cyugarije inganda.Gukuraho ibiciro ntibisaba kwemezwa na Kongere.Tugomba kubikuraho.
Shigikira ibikorwa remezo byo gusaza.Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zo kwagura igipimo cy’ingufu zishobora kubaho ni ukubaho kw'ibikorwa remezo bishaje kandi bishaje no gukwirakwiza ibikorwa remezo.Iki nikibazo kizwi, kandi gutsindwa kwa gride muri Californiya na Texas byagaragaye cyane vuba aha.Ibikorwa remezo byibice bibiri na gahunda yo guhuza ingengo yimari bitanga amahirwe yambere yuzuye yo kubaka umuyoboro wamashanyarazi wikinyejana cya 21.
Kuva mu 2008, izuba ITC ryayoboye igihe cyo kuzamuka kwinganda.Ibikorwa remezo nubwiyunge birashobora gukora kimwe mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza.Usibye gushimangira ubukungu, iyi paketi izanakemura bimwe mu bibazo byo mu karere no hagati y’akarere bisabwa kugira ngo ingufu z’iterambere zishoboke.
Kurugero, gahunda y'ibikorwa remezo ikubiyemo miliyari 9 z'amadolari y'Amerika yo gufasha ibihugu guhitamo ahantu hashobora gukorerwa imishinga yo kohereza no gushyigikira igenamigambi ryo kohereza no kwerekana ubushobozi bwa Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika (DOE).
Harimo kandi inkunga y'amafaranga yo kubaka no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bya gride hirya no hino mu burasirazuba no mu burengerazuba, imikoranire hagati mu gihugu na ERCOT, n'imishinga y'ingufu z'umuyaga wo mu nyanja.
Byongeye kandi, irategeka Minisiteri y’ingufu kwiga ubushobozi buke n’ubucucike mu gihe hategurwa koridoro yo gukwirakwiza inyungu z’igihugu, hagamijwe guteza imbere verisiyo y’igihugu mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (CREZ) muri Texas.Ibi nibyo rwose bigomba gukorwa, kandi ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma muri uru rwego burashimirwa.
Emera igisubizo cya kongere yo kwagura ingufu zishobora kubaho.Irekurwa ry’ingengo y’imari nshya ya guverinoma, mu rwego rwo guhuza ingengo y’imari ya Leta, Kongere ntishobora kwemeza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ishoramari rishobora kuvugururwa, ibipimo by’ingufu zisukuye, ndetse na gahunda yatanzwe y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi (CEPP).
Ariko hariho ibindi bikoresho bya politiki bisuzumwa ko, nubwo bidatunganye, bizafasha guteza imbere ejo hazaza heza.
Biteganijwe ko Kongere izatora kuri gahunda yo guhuza ingengo y’imari igamije kongerera inguzanyo imisoro y’izuba (ITC) 30% mu myaka 10 no kongeramo 30% by’ububiko bushya bwo guteza imbere ingufu z’izuba n’ibindi byongerwa Kwagura imishinga y’ingufu.ITC hamwe n’inyongera 10% ya ITC kumushinga wizuba werekana inyungu zihariye kubantu binjiza amafaranga make n'abaciriritse (LMI) cyangwa imiryango yubutabera bushingiye kubidukikije.Aya mabwiriza yiyongera ku mushinga w’ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye.
Turateganya ko gahunda yanyuma yo gusaba izasaba ibigo kwishyura umushahara uriho mumishinga yose mishya, kandi birashobora kwerekana ko ibikubiye mu gihugu imbere, usibye kuzamura iterambere ry’inganda mu gihugu, bizanashishikariza ibigo bifite umugabane munini wa Amerika -ibigize.Biteganijwe ko gahunda yo gutuza yose izatanga imirimo ibihumbi magana mu mirimo mishya mu nganda, ubwubatsi na serivisi mu gihugu hose.Dushingiye ku isesengura ryimbere, twizera ko 30% ya ITC izatera inkunga neza ibisabwa umushahara uriho.
Turi ku nkombe za politiki y’ingufu zisukuye za federasiyo, izahindura byimazeyo uburyo bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, cyane cyane ingufu z’izuba.Umushinga wibikorwa remezo hamwe nogutanga ibisubizo bitanga umusemburo ukomeye kandi utanga icyizere cyo kuvugurura no kongera kubaka ibikorwa remezo byingufu zigihugu ndetse numuyoboro wo gutwara abantu.
Igihugu kiracyafite igishushanyo mbonera gisobanutse kugira ngo kigere ku ntego z’ikirere n’ibikorwa bishingiye ku isoko nka RPS kugira ngo bishyire mu bikorwa izo ntego.Tugomba gukora byihuse kugirango tuvugurure gride dukoresheje imbaraga zifatanije nimiryango yohereza uturere, FERC, ibikorwa byinganda, ninganda.Ariko turimo gukora cyane kugirango dushyireho ejo hazaza ingufu, kandi benshi muritwe twakoranye umwete.
Niba ugiye gutangira sisitemu yizuba ya PV witonze utekereze PRO.ENERGY nkumuntu utanga imirasire yizuba ikoresha ibicuruzwa.
Twiyemeje gutanga ubwoko butandukanye bwimiterere yizuba, ibirundo byubutaka, uruzitiro rwinsinga zikoreshwa mumirasire yizuba.
Twishimiye gutanga igisubizo cyo kugenzura igihe cyose ukeneye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2021